Elizabeth, though protesting her innocence in the Wyatt affair, was imprisoned in the Tower of London for two months, then put under house arrest at Woodstock Palace. Mary finally died (probably from cancer) on November 17, 1558. Nicknamed “Bloody Mary” because of the large number of Protestant followers she murdered, the only thing Mary achieved was to build into the English people a lasting fear and hatred of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. ". [137] According to Holinshed's Chronicles, Mary later lamented, "When I am dead and opened, you shall find 'Calais' lying in my heart", although this may be apocryphal. 'Bloody Mary', Queen Mary I, Princess Mary, Lady Mary, Princess of Wales (demoted, later Queen Regnant of England and Ireland, and Queen Consort of Spain). She also resented Katherine because she saw her as the usurper of Anne of Cleves, as Anne Boleyn had been to her mother. "[156] She was the first woman to successfully claim the throne of England, despite competing claims and determined opposition, and enjoyed popular support and sympathy during the earliest parts of her reign, especially from the Roman Catholics of England. This The Tudors foto contains ritratto, headshot, primo piano, and closeup. [70] He did not want the crown to go to Mary because he feared she would restore Catholicism and undo his and their father's reforms, and so he planned to exclude her from the line of succession. [75] Dudley's support collapsed,[76] and Jane was deposed on 19 July. Being raised by her loving, wise, and passionately Catholic mother, Catherine of Aragon, had a distinct effect on Mary's personality. [61] In 1543, Henry married his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, who was able to bring the family closer together. 143–147; Porter, pp. Despite her hatred of Anne Boleyn, Mary did not show any initial hatred for her half-sister, Elizabeth (who was mothered by Anne), whom she was forced to care for as an infant. 32–33, Porter, pp. Dudley remained in exile in France, and Noailles prudently left Britain. Mary's religious persecutions surged in the aftermath of Wyatt's rebellion, and medieval heresy laws were reintroduced; increasing numbers of Protestants were arrested, tortured to force confessions of heresy, and burned at the stake if they refused to recant. [71], Contradicting the Succession Act, which restored Mary and Elizabeth to the line of succession, Edward named Dudley's daughter-in-law Lady Jane Grey, the granddaughter of Henry VIII's younger sister Mary, as his successor. She was known as Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants in a vain attempt to restore Catholicism to England. [79] Mary understood that the young Lady Jane was essentially a pawn in Dudley's scheme, and Dudley was the only conspirator of rank executed for high treason in the immediate aftermath of the coup. Although Mary initially loved her half-siblings Elizabeth and Edward, she was much older than either of them and became concerned about their exposure to Protestantism, believing that it would bring about England's doom. In fact, she was instrumental to their fostering a closer relationship with their father. Once Mary had secured the crown, she later had her sister placed in the Tower of London when it was apparent that their dramatic differences and Elizabeth's increasing popularity with the people meant that the two sisters could no longer be in harmony, and threatened her with execution, but this sentence was later reduced to house arrest due to lack of substantial evidence as to Elizabeth's involvement in the increasing plots and rebellions to have Mary disposed. England 1485 1558: the Early Tudors (A/S) England 1547 1603: the Later Tudors (A/2) Catherine Parr, the final Queen of Henry VIII, also had a good relationship with Mary since she was an intelligent and dignified woman who was closer to Henry's age, and did everything she could do be a loving stepmother to all three of her stepchildren. On the day of his burning, he dramatically withdrew his recantation. Arminl25 and Moonbeam1953 like this. The marriage is deliberately put off by both parties because Mary is far too young, with the stipulation that the wedding will commence after Mary's 12th birthday. To solve this, Mary's government published a revised "Book of Rates" (1558), which listed the tariffs and duties for every import. 86–87; Whitelock, p. 237, Porter, p. 338; Waller, p. 95; Whitelock, p. 255, "The queen's pregnancy turns out not to have been as certain as we thought": Letter of 25 April 1554, quoted in Porter, p. 337 and Whitelock, p. 257, Antoine de Noailles quoted in Whitelock, p. 269, Loades, pp. The two sisters were even shown to share the same bed, and a teenage Elizabeth trusted Mary enough to confide in her older sister about her pity for Katherine Howard, and her determination to never marry because of it, and though she did not voice it, it was evident that Mary disagreed with Elizabeth's opinions. 355–356; Waller, pp. 361–362, 418; Waller, pp. [14] She studied French, Spanish, music, dance, and perhaps Greek. 119–123; Waller, pp. Maria I Tudor (Greenwich, 18 febbraio 1516 – Londra, 17 novembre 1558) è stata regina d'Inghilterra e Irlanda dal 19 luglio 1553 alla morte, nonché regina consorte di Spagna dal 1554. [39] Although both she and her mother were ill, Mary was refused permission to visit Catherine. Maria Tudor (Richmond Palace, 18 marzo 1496 – Westhorpe Hall, 25 giugno 1533) nata principessa d'Inghilterra, divenne regina consorte di Francia come moglie del re Luigi XII di Francia [132], Philip returned to England from March to July 1557 to persuade Mary to support Spain in a renewed war against France. 179–182; Whitelock, pp. Elizabeth, like Mary, was declared illegitimate and stripped of her succession rights. sarah bolger. When she was only two years old, she was promised to Francis, the infant son of King Francis I of France, but the contract was repudiated after three years. Despite Mary experiencing several false pregnancies, the couple ultimately had no children; humiliated and increasingly depressed, Mary blamed her lack of issue as a curse for having "tolerated heretics", leading her to continue persecuting Protestants. 311–313; Whitelock, pp. 67–69, 72, Porter, p. 121; Waller, p. 33; Whitelock, p. 81, Porter, pp. Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda—the first queen regnant of England. She also settled further colonists in the Irish midlands, increasing the Tudors' control over Ireland. [51] The next year, 1537, Jane died after giving birth to a son, Edward. [20] She was given her own court based at Ludlow Castle and many of the royal prerogatives normally reserved for the Prince of Wales. She would eventually become Mary I, becoming the first recognized Queen Regnant of England; however, today her short reign is remembered unfavorably, mainly due to her oppressive religious policies. She was succeeded by Elizabeth. [52], Mary was courted by Duke Philip of Bavaria from late 1539, but he was Lutheran and his suit for her hand was unsuccessful. [119] The first executions occurred over five days in February 1555: John Rogers on 4 February, Laurence Saunders on 8 February, and Rowland Taylor and John Hooper on 9 February. Unlike her two younger half-siblings, Mary knew her mother for a substantial amount of time; Elizabeth's was executed when she was nearly three and Edward's died days after his birth. "I know of no Queen of England but my mother. [36] Under strain and with her movements restricted, Mary was frequently ill, which the royal physician attributed to her "ill treatment". Mary I Tudor was the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Mary did prove a more able administrator than her brother or father; she was much more frugal with the Royal Treasury, as it was already heavily in debt due to costly wars, debased coinage and exorbitant spending on luxuries and palaces. When Mary was in her thirties, she attended a reunion with Edward and Elizabeth for Christmas 1550, where the 13-year-old Edward embarrassed Mary, and reduced both her and himself to tears in front of the court, by publicly reproving her for ignoring his laws regarding worship. Philip persuaded Parliament to repeal Henry's religious laws, returning the English church to Roman jurisdiction. 207–208; Waller, p. 65; Whitelock, p. 198, Loades, p. 325; Porter, pp. 288–299; Whitelock, pp. [48] Her expenses included fine clothes and gambling at cards, one of her favourite pastimes. Mary's second real attempt at betrothal came from her new stepmother Anne of Cleves, who proposed her handsome and charming cousin Philip, Duke of Bavaria- a match that could have elevated her into the German nobility. Lady Jane's mother was Frances Brandon, Mary's cousin and goddaughter. During this season, with the feud between the Lutheran and Catholic factions of Court at its peak, Mary begins to show some of the ruthless fundamentalism towards her faith that would later characterize her reign, saying that if she ever became queen, she would spill as much blood as necessary to heal the country and restore its true Catholic faith. Mary Tudor. Charles manages to capture the King of France in a battle, but decides it is a good political move to release him, angering Henry. Mary was summoned to court just before Edward's death, but she was warned that it was a pretext to capture her and prevent her from interfering with the succession; therefore, she instead fled to her estates in East Anglia and began gathering supporters. Elizabeth succeeded her, but she almost immediately set about dismantling Mary's Catholic restoration, replacing it with a more moderate form of Protestantism than their brother Edwards'. Mary reacted to Anne's execution with as much satisfaction as Anne had at her mother's death. Mary and Philip were still apart; he was declared King of Spain in Brussels, but she stayed in England. Further, under the English common law doctrine of jure uxoris, the property and titles belonging to a woman became her husband's upon marriage, and it was feared that any man she married would thereby become King of England in fact and name. 217–225, Waller, pp. [99] Parliament passed an act making Philip regent in the event of Mary's death in childbirth. Despite this setback, Mary is visibly triumphant when Chapuys visits her in the season two finale: her nemesis Anne Boleyn has been accused of adultery and treason, and is now sentenced to death. [170], Under Mary's marriage treaty with Philip, the official joint style reflected not only Mary's but also Philip's dominions and claims: "Philip and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol". [152] In pain, possibly from ovarian cysts or uterine cancer,[153] she died on 17 November 1558, aged 42, at St James's Palace, during an influenza epidemic that also claimed Pole's life later that day. 34–36; Whitelock, pp. Mary is remembered for being the first queen regnant of England and for burning nearly 300 Protestant men, women and children during her reign, which caused her to be known posthumously as “Bloody Mary” Catherine's failure to produce a living son causes Henry to subsequently destroy the marriage. He recanted, repudiated Protestant theology, and rejoined the Catholic faith. [135] In August, English forces were victorious in the aftermath of the Battle of Saint Quentin, with one eyewitness reporting, "Both sides fought most choicely, and the English best of all. Henry VIII. 34–36; Whitelock, pp. Mary Tudor, English princess, the third wife of King Louis XII of France; she was the sister of England’s King Henry VIII (ruled 1509–47) and the grandmother of Lady Jane Grey, who was titular queen of England for nine days in 1553. Her notorious religious persecution has earned her the nickname "Bloody Mary.". [139] Another problem was the decline of the Antwerp cloth trade. For further information, please see the Genealogy Charts for Mary Tudor shown below. [78], One of Mary's first actions as queen was to order the release of the Roman Catholic Duke of Norfolk and Stephen Gardiner from imprisonment in the Tower of London, as well as her kinsman Edward Courtenay. 185–186, Porter, pp. [164] In other countries, the Catholic Counter-Reformation was spearheaded by Jesuit missionaries, but Mary's chief religious advisor, Cardinal Reginald Pole, refused to allow the Jesuits into England. [4] Her godparents included Lord Chancellor Thomas Wolsey, her great-aunt Catherine of York, Countess of Devon, and Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. Video of The Tudors Mary Tudor for fan of Lady Mary Tudor. In fact, she gave Elizabeth nothing but affection, and though she was pleased when Elizabeth was removed from the line of succession, she continued to act as a kind and loving older sister towards her. [23] In 1522, at the age of six, she was instead contracted to marry her 22-year-old first cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.[24] However, the engagement was broken off within a few years by Charles with Henry's agreement. Although she didn't battle the succession of her brother after her father's death in 1547, Mary largely withdrew from court life during Edward's reign, perhaps to demonstrate her disapproval of the extensive religious reforms introduced by Edward and his Regency council. 22–23; Porter, pp. I will 'burn' as many heretics, spill as much blood as it takes to make this unfortunate realm Catholic again, so help me God. Charles is also mildly uneasy about a cousin marriage. She spent most of those years in her own estates, continuing to openly practice Catholicism in defiance of Edward's Protestant agenda. When her father, Henry VII, wed her mother, Elizabeth of York, the marriage finally brought together the bitter factions of the Wars of the Roses.Yet with great power comes great screw-ups. 202, 227, Porter, pp. In particular, the Savoyard Imperial Ambassador Chapuys is extremely sympathetic to both her and her mother, and attempted to carry messages for them on many occasions. Influenced by Philip (who aimed to prevent a triple union of England, Scotland and France) Mary declared her half-sister Elizabeth her heir over the Catholic claimant Mary Queen of Scots, despite probably knowing that Elizabeth was secretly still a Protestant. When Henry later married, then rejected, Anne of Cleves, despite Anne's Lutheran background, Mary also found mutual respect and friendship with her, as both were dignified, intelligent dowagers. After Mary's death, Philip sought to marry Elizabeth but she refused him. [68] Mary repeatedly refused Edward's demands that she abandon Catholicism, and Edward persistently refused to drop his demands. 38–39; Whitelock, pp. In total, nearly three hundred Protestants were burned during Mary's reign, earning her the hateful moniker "Bloody Mary.". However, her attitude towards the King's fifth Queen, Katherine Howard (who was several years Mary's junior) was entirely different despite Katherine being (in name, if nothing else) a Catholic. Mary Tudor (/ ˈ tj uː d ər /; 18 March 1496 – 25 June 1533) was an English princess who was briefly Queen consort of France.She was the younger surviving daughter of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and the third wife of Louis XII of France, who was more than 30 years older than she.Following his death, she married Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. 119–123; Waller, pp. Enraged by the rising, Mary had all the plotters, as well as Jane Grey and her husband, executed. [166] The military loss of Calais to France was a bitter humiliation to English pride. Mary thus became Queen of Naples and titular Queen of Jerusalem upon marriage. [117] By the end of 1554, the pope had approved the deal, and the Heresy Acts were revived. [32] In early 1533, Henry married Anne Boleyn, who was pregnant with his child, and in May, Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, formally declared the marriage with Catherine void and the marriage to Anne valid. Arminl25 and Moonbeam1953 like this. [165] Her marriage to Philip was unpopular among her subjects and her religious policies resulted in deep-seated resentment. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine. 392–395; Whitelock, pp. [25] Cardinal Wolsey, Henry's chief adviser, then resumed marriage negotiations with the French, and Henry suggested that Mary marry the Dauphin's father, King Francis I himself, who was eager for an alliance with England. [64] Since Edward was still a child, rule passed to a regency council dominated by Protestants, who attempted to establish their faith throughout the country. [60] At court, while her father was between marriages and without a consort, Mary acted as hostess. ), "I am afraid I was not born for happiness. Mary speedily assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. GCSE History. In January 1556, Mary's father-in-law the Emperor abdicated. (ed. [3], Mary was baptised into the Catholic faith at the Church of the Observant Friars in Greenwich three days after her birth. [56] Anne consented to the annulment of the marriage, which had not been consummated, and Cromwell was beheaded. [77] She and Dudley were imprisoned in the Tower of London. 101, 103, 105; Whitelock, p. 266. She is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, Henry VIII. Mary inherited estates in Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex, and was granted Hunsdon and Beaulieu as her own. [104] Through May and June, the apparent delay in delivery fed gossip that Mary was not pregnant. 90–91, Loades, p. 114; Porter, pp. Mary's next decision badly damaged her support from English Catholics and Protestants alike: she announced her intention to marry her first cousin once removed, Philip of Naples (soon to become King Philip II of Spain). The Boleyn sisters have spent several years living in Paris as ladies-in-waiting to Queen Claude, as their father Thomas Boleyn is the English ambassador to France. [65], For most of Edward's reign, Mary remained on her own estates and rarely attended court. This fundamentalism eventually gets the better of her friendship with Catherine Parr when she privately supports an investigation that could have resulted in Catherine being tried and executed for heresy, even though Catherine was never anything but kind to her. When Mary degraded Katherine on her failure to produce children, Katherine retorted that Mary would never manage to marry or have children, which reduced Mary to tears until Chapuys came and comforted her. 126–127; Whitelock, pp. There are only two occasions, both in Season Three, where she showed any real interest in a romantic relationship and marriage. The Tudors is a historical fiction television series set primarily in 16th-century England, created and written by Michael Hirst and produced for the American premium cable television channel Showtime.The series was a collaboration among American, British, and Canadian producers, and was filmed mostly in Ireland. [114] Mary's first Parliament, which assembled in early October, declared her parents' marriage valid and abolished Edward's religious laws. After arriving in London on August 3, Mary set about reorganizing her government, before finally being formally crowned on October 1, 1553. "Restoration and Reaction: Reinterpreting the Marian Church. 279–284; Waller, p. 72; Whitelock, pp. You can find a lot written about Mary Tudor, but very little about Edward VI. Captain John Hawkins father, William Hawkins was a ship owner and sea Captain, serving in Parliament under King Henry VIII and later, his daughter Queen Mary. ", To Anne Boleyn: "I recognize no Queen but my mother... but, if the King's, "¿No soy la hija de mi madre?" Reaching an agreement took many months and Mary and Pope Julius III had to make a major concession: the confiscated monastery lands were not returned to the church but remained in the hands of their influential new owners. Mary's hatred of Anne Boleyn is shared by the Imperial Court and the Papacy (though not by the French) but neither are able to help her directly. [149] She decreed in her will that her husband would be the regent during the minority of their child. [87] When Mary insisted on marrying Philip, insurrections broke out. [35], Mary determinedly refused to acknowledge that Anne was the queen or that Elizabeth was a princess, further enraging King Henry. [8] Sir John Hussey, later Lord Hussey, was her chamberlain from 1530, and his wife, Lady Anne, daughter of George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent, was one of Mary's attendants. [21] She appears to have spent three years in the Welsh Marches, making regular visits to her father's court, before returning permanently to the home counties around London in mid-1528. Mary is pointed out by Francis I during the Anglo-French summit in episode 2, and he brings her to Henry's attention. Members of the Privy Council, realizing how unstable their position was, deposed Jane Grey on July 19 and imprisoned her, her husband and her supporters in the Tower of London. È nota con gli appellativi di Maria la Cattolica e Maria la Sanguinaria (Bloody Mary), avendo fatto giustiziare almeno trecento oppositori religiosi tra cui Thomas Cranmer. The Tudors Wiki is a FANDOM TV Community. She adopted "Truth, the Daughter of Time" (Latin: Veritas Temporis Filia) as her personal motto. sarah bolger. Mary 1st, Catholic Mary only reigned for six years and did nothing to keep the momentum of positive change going as had Henry7th & 8th and Edward 6th. Scopri Mary Tudor di H F M Prescott: spedizione gratuita per i clienti Prime e per ordini a partire da 29€ spediti da Amazon. Ultimately, during her reign as Queen she was married to King Philip II of Spain (the son of her cousin Charles) but the marriage was extremely unpopular, one-sided (Philip held no love for Mary and seldom even visited her) and produced no children. [171], Mary I's coat of arms was the same as those used by all her predecessors since Henry IV: Quarterly, Azure three fleurs-de-lys Or [for France] and Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England). [67] Religious differences between Mary and Edward continued. [84] Philip had a son from a previous marriage and was heir apparent to vast territories in Continental Europe and the New World. Her first marriage had been annulled by a previous pope, Julius II, on that basis. [30], From 1531, Mary was often sick with irregular menstruation and depression, although it is not clear whether this was caused by stress, puberty or a more deep-seated disease. [112] In the absence of any children, Philip was concerned that one of the next claimants to the English throne after his sister-in-law was the Queen of Scots, who was betrothed to the Dauphin of France. She did win an important concession from the Pope: in exchange for her bringing England back to the Catholic fold, Mary substantially reduced the revenues traditionally sent to Rome. Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of KingJames V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. Although Mary retained the authority of a ruling monarch, Philip was made Regent in the event of her death without an heir, and during her reign he acquired a stronger influence over her court. With Henry's marriage to Anne annulled, Mary's half-sister Elizabeth is now just as 'illegitimate' as she is. [41] Catherine was interred in Peterborough Cathedral, while Mary grieved in semi-seclusion at Hunsdon in Hertfordshire. [106] Mary continued to exhibit signs of pregnancy until July 1555, when her abdomen receded. She was accompanied by her half-sister Elizabeth and a procession of over 800 nobles and gentlemen. Three days after Edward's death on July 6, Mary wrote the Privy Council a letter declaring herself Edward's heir; it arrived in London the next day, the same day Jane Grey was declared Queen by the Privy Council. Guided by John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, and perhaps others, Edward excluded both from the line of succession in his will. twilightsaga94, Arminl25 and 1 other like this. [157], Protestant writers at the time, and since, have often condemned Mary's reign. 153–157; Porter, pp. When he was on his deathbed, he disinherited Mary for fear that she would bring England back to Catholicism, and named Lady Jane Grey his heir, though this did not stop Mary from ultimately becoming Queen Mary I of England. [28], According to the Venetian Mario Savorgnano, by this time Mary was developing into a pretty, well-proportioned young lady with a fine complexion. The House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended from the Tudors of Penmynydd.Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) from 1485 until 1603, with six monarchs in that period: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Lady Jane Grey, Mary I and Elizabeth I. Queen's and King's Counties (now Counties Laois and Offaly) were founded, and their plantation began. [54] When the king saw Anne for the first time in late December 1539, a week before the scheduled wedding, he found her unattractive but was unable, for diplomatic reasons and without a suitable pretext, to cancel the marriage. This was a well done production and I learned things about Edward that I had never read about before. Find images and videos about gif, The Tudors and sarah bolger on We Heart It - the app to get lost in what you love. Overhearing him express his admiration for both her and her mother Catherine, she quickly fell for Philip, culminating in a passionate kiss after dancing with him at court. [155], At her funeral service, John White, bishop of Winchester, praised Mary: "She was a king's daughter; she was a king's sister; she was a king's wife. [45] Reconciled with her father, Mary resumed her place at court. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556. Regardless of his feelings and dealings concerning her father, the King (towards whom he has a rather low opinion in private), Chapuys remains a devoted friend and confidant to Mary in Seasons 2, 3 and 4. In January 1554, the Protestants voiced their disapproval by an open rebellion led by Thomas Wyatt the Younger, but it ultimately collapsed as it approached London. Mary's reactions to her various stepmothers are mixed; she never lost her loyalty and love for her mother, Catherine of Aragon, and since Anne Boleyn was the one who usurped them from court, this is primarily why she hates her, despite Anne's initial attempts to make peace with her. 133–134, Loades, pp. [98], In September 1554, Mary stopped menstruating. In 1558, this war ultimately cost England the port of Calais, it's last Continental territory. But both remained legally illegitimate. As part of the marriage negotiations, a portrait of Philip, by Titian, was sent to her in the latter half of 1553. Philip persuaded his wife that Elizabeth should marry his cousin Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, to secure the Catholic succession and preserve the Habsburg interest in England, but Elizabeth refused to comply and parliamentary consent was unlikely. [115] Church doctrine was restored to the form it had taken in the 1539 Six Articles of Henry VIII, which (among other things) reaffirmed clerical celibacy. (2011). "— Princess Mary. [113], In the month following her accession, Mary issued a proclamation that she would not compel any of her subjects to follow her religion, but by the end of September 1553, leading Protestant churchmen—including Cranmer, John Bradford, John Rogers, John Hooper, and Hugh Latimer—were imprisoned. Meanwhile, despite her lack of popularity, most Protestants gradually went underground or pretended to submit to Mary's Catholic laws. Mary was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to survive to adulthood. Despite having broken his marriage pact with her, Emperor Charles continues to show concern for her and her mother's well-being. As it was, Mary continued to refer to her as the king's mistress or as a harlot, refusing an offer to restore her to the court if she acknowledged Anne as Queen.
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